光伏組件工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述（建議收藏）

太陽(yáng)能電池組件的質(zhì)量和成本直接影響系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量和成本，那么，組件的生產(chǎn)工藝流程是什么樣的呢？   

The quality and cost of solar cell modules directly affect the quality and cost of the system. So, what is the manufacturing process of modules?

1、組件結(jié)構(gòu)   

1. Module Structure   

半片組件結(jié)構(gòu)   

Half-Cut Module Structure

半片組件通過(guò)將電池片切半，使電池工作電流減半，明顯降低焊帶上的電學(xué)損失，提高組件CTM：

Half-cut modules are created by cutting solar cells in half, which reduces the working current of the cells by half. This significantly lowers electrical losses on the ribbons and improves the module's Current Transformation Matrix (CTM):

半片組件電池間空隙增大，照到背板經(jīng)玻璃反射到電池的光略有增加；電池片電流越高，使用半片技術(shù)帶來(lái)的價(jià)值越大。   

With half-cut modules, the gaps between cells increase, allowing slightly more light reflected from the glass to reach the cells. The higher the cell current, the greater the value brought by half-cut technology.

組件工藝流程   

Module Manufacturing Process

組件的生產(chǎn)工藝大體需經(jīng)過(guò)：串焊——疊層——層壓——裝框——裝接線盒——固化——測(cè)試7個(gè)工藝環(huán)節(jié)，最終進(jìn)行包裝，流入市場(chǎng)。區(qū)別于整片組件，半片組件電池切割過(guò)程在組件端實(shí)現(xiàn)，新增切片環(huán)節(jié)，配置激光切片機(jī)，隨后將串焊、層疊過(guò)程做調(diào)整；在電池端，半片技術(shù)僅需調(diào)整電池版圖。   

The manufacturing process of modules generally involves seven major steps: stringing, layering, lamination, framing, junction box installation, curing, and testing. The final products are then packaged and released to the market. Unlike full-cell modules, half-cut modules have an additional cell-cutting process at the module end, which requires a laser cutting machine. Subsequently, adjustments are made to the stringing and layering processes. At the cell end, half-cut technology only requires adjustments to the cell layout.

2.1 串焊   

2.1 Stringing

（人工與自動(dòng)）用焊帶將各個(gè)電池片正反面焊接起來(lái)，組成串聯(lián)的電池串。   

(Manual and Automatic) Cells are connected in series by welding the front and back sides of each cell with ribbons.

主要工藝控制：虛焊、過(guò)焊、裂片和焊接拉力。   

Key process controls: virtual welding, over-welding, cell cracking, and welding tensile strength.

2.2 疊層   

2.2 Layering

串接好且經(jīng)過(guò)檢驗(yàn)合格后，將組件串、玻璃和切割好的EVA、背板按照一定的層次敷設(shè)好，準(zhǔn)備層壓。敷設(shè)時(shí)保證電池串與玻璃等材料的相對(duì)位置，調(diào)整好電池間的距離，為層壓打好基礎(chǔ)。（敷設(shè)層次：由下向上：玻璃、EVA、電池、EVA、玻璃纖維、背板）。   

After the strings are connected and inspected, the module strings, glass, cut EVA, and backsheet are laid out in a specific order to prepare for lamination. Ensure the relative position between the strings and the glass, and adjust the distance between cells to lay a good foundation for lamination. (Laying order: from bottom to top: glass, EVA, cell, EVA, fiberglass, backsheet).   

2.3 層壓   

2.3 Lamination

將敷設(shè)好的電池放入層壓機(jī)內(nèi)，通過(guò)抽真空將組件內(nèi)的空氣抽出，然后加熱使EVA熔化將電池、玻璃和背板粘接在一起；最后冷卻取出組件。層壓工藝是組件生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵一步，層壓溫度層壓時(shí)間根據(jù)EVA的性質(zhì)決定。（我們使用普通的EVA時(shí)，層壓循環(huán)時(shí)間約為10~15分鐘。固化溫度為135~145℃。）   

The laid-out cells are placed into the laminator. The air inside the module is evacuated, and then the EVA is melted by heating to bond the cells, glass, and backsheet together. The module is then cooled and removed. Lamination is a critical step in module production, with temperature and time determined by the properties of the EVA. (When using ordinary EVA, the lamination cycle time is about 10-15 minutes, and the curing temperature is 135-145°C.)

主要工藝控制：氣泡、劃傷、凹坑、鼓包和裂片   

Key process controls: bubbles, scratches, dents, bulges, and cell cracking

值得注意的是，層壓前需要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的外觀檢查和EL檢測(cè)，以確保組件性能和安全。   

It is important to note that strict visual inspection and EL testing must be conducted before lamination to ensure module performance and safety.

2.4 裝框   

2.4 Framing

保護(hù)組件鋼化玻璃的邊角及層壓后的組件，便于后期工程安裝。   

Protect the edges and corners of the tempered glass and the laminated module, facilitating subsequent installation.   

主要工藝控制：凹坑、擦傷、劃痕。安裝孔缺失，背面溢膠、氣泡和缺膠   

Key process controls: dents, abrasions, scratches. Missing installation holes, overflow glue on the back, bubbles, and lack of glue.   

2.5 安裝接線盒   

2.5 Junction Box Installation

連接并保護(hù)太陽(yáng)能光伏組件，同時(shí)將光伏組件產(chǎn)生的電流傳導(dǎo)出來(lái)供用戶使用。防止出現(xiàn)：氣泡和溢膠   

Connect and protect the solar photovoltaic module while conducting the electricity generated by the module for user use. Prevent bubbles and overflow glue.

2.6 固化

2.6 Curing   

前道裝框和裝接線盒時(shí)注入的密封膠固化，增強(qiáng)密封效果保護(hù)組件免受后續(xù)外界惡劣環(huán)境的影響。   

The sealant injected during framing and junction box installation is cured to enhance the sealing effect and protect the module from subsequent harsh external environments.

主要工藝控制：固化時(shí)間、溫度和濕度   

Key process controls: curing time, temperature, and humidity.

2.7 測(cè)試

2.7 Testing

測(cè)量電性能參數(shù)，確定組件的分檔。主要包含以下三種測(cè)試：   

Measure the electrical performance parameters to determine the module's classification. The main tests include:   

絕緣耐壓測(cè)試——測(cè)試邊框與內(nèi)部帶電體（電池片、焊帶等）之間在高壓作用下的安全性；

Insulation voltage withstand test — Test the safety between the frame and internal live parts (cells, ribbons, etc.) under high voltage;   

接地連續(xù)性測(cè)試——測(cè)試邊框與地之間的電阻，以確定邊框接地性能是否良好；   

Ground continuity test — Test the resistance between the frame and the ground to determine if the frame grounding performance is good;   

IV測(cè)試——測(cè)量電性能參數(shù)確定組件的檔次。   

IV test — Measure the electrical performance parameters to determine the module's classification.